The Presidency
VOCAB.
Cabinet: The formal body of presidential advisers who head the fifteen executive departments. Presidents often add others to this body of formal advisers.
Executive Privilege: An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary.
executive agreements: Formal international agreements entered into by the president that do not require the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate
Executive Office of the President (EOP): A mini-bureaucracy created in 1939 to help the president oversee the executive branch bureaucracy.
executive order: Rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register.
inherent powers: Powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the Constitution.
impeachment: The power delegated to the House of Representatives in the Constitution to charge the president, vice president, or other "civil officers," including federal judges, with "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." This is the first step in the constitutional process of removing government officials from office.
line-item veto: The authority of a chief executive to delete part of a bill passed by the legislature that involves taxing or spending. Ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB): The office that prepares the president's annual budget proposal, reviews the budget and programs of the executive departments, supplies economic forecasts, and conducts detailed analyses of proposed bills and agency rules.
pardon: An executive grant providing restoration of all rights and privileges of citizenship to a specific individual charged or convicted of a crime.
signing statements: Occasional written comments attached to a bill signed by the president.
22nd Amendment: Adopted in 1951; prevents a president form serving more than two terms, or more than ten years if he came to office via the death, resignation, or impeachment of his predecessor.
25th Amendment: Adopted in 1967 to establish procedures for filling vacancies in the office of president and vice president as well as providing for procedures to deal with the disability of a president.
U.S. v. Nixon (1974): Supreme Court ruling on power of the president, holding that no absolute constitutional executive privilege allows a president to refuse to comply with a court order to produce information needed in a criminal trial.
veto power: The formal, constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress, thus preventing them from becoming law without further congressional action.
War Powers Resolution: Passed by Congress in 1973; requires the authorization of Congress to deploy troops overseas and limits the time of their deployment.
Cabinet: The formal body of presidential advisers who head the fifteen executive departments. Presidents often add others to this body of formal advisers.
Executive Privilege: An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary.
executive agreements: Formal international agreements entered into by the president that do not require the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate
Executive Office of the President (EOP): A mini-bureaucracy created in 1939 to help the president oversee the executive branch bureaucracy.
executive order: Rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register.
inherent powers: Powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the Constitution.
impeachment: The power delegated to the House of Representatives in the Constitution to charge the president, vice president, or other "civil officers," including federal judges, with "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." This is the first step in the constitutional process of removing government officials from office.
line-item veto: The authority of a chief executive to delete part of a bill passed by the legislature that involves taxing or spending. Ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB): The office that prepares the president's annual budget proposal, reviews the budget and programs of the executive departments, supplies economic forecasts, and conducts detailed analyses of proposed bills and agency rules.
pardon: An executive grant providing restoration of all rights and privileges of citizenship to a specific individual charged or convicted of a crime.
signing statements: Occasional written comments attached to a bill signed by the president.
22nd Amendment: Adopted in 1951; prevents a president form serving more than two terms, or more than ten years if he came to office via the death, resignation, or impeachment of his predecessor.
25th Amendment: Adopted in 1967 to establish procedures for filling vacancies in the office of president and vice president as well as providing for procedures to deal with the disability of a president.
U.S. v. Nixon (1974): Supreme Court ruling on power of the president, holding that no absolute constitutional executive privilege allows a president to refuse to comply with a court order to produce information needed in a criminal trial.
veto power: The formal, constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress, thus preventing them from becoming law without further congressional action.
War Powers Resolution: Passed by Congress in 1973; requires the authorization of Congress to deploy troops overseas and limits the time of their deployment.
Section 7.1:
To keep any one president from becoming too powerful, the Framers created an executive office with limited powers. They mandated that a president be at least thirty-five years old, a natural-born citizen, and a resident of the United States for fourteen years or more, and they opted not to limit the president's term of office. To further guard against tyranny, they made provisions for the removal of the president.
Section 7.2:
The Framers gave the president a variety of specific constitutional powers in Article 2, including the powers to appoint, to convene Congress, adn to make treaties. The Constitution also gives the president the capacity to grant pardons and to veto acts of Congress. In addition, the president derives considerable power from being commander in chief of the military.
Section 7.3:
The development of presidential power had sepended on personal force of those who have held office. George Washington, in particular, took serveral actions to establish the primacy of the president in national affairs and as chef executive of a strong national government. With only a few exceptions, subsequent presidents often let Congress dominate in national affairs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, however, took more power for the office of the president, andf made more decisions in national and foreign affairs.
Section 7.4:
As the responsivilities of the presidnet have grown, so has the executive branch of government. FDR established the Executive Office of the President to help him govern. Perhaps the most important policy advisers are those closest to the president: the vice president, the White House staff, some members of the Executive Office of the President, and the First Lady.
Section 7.5:
To gain suport for his programs or proposed budget, the president uses a variety of skills, incfluding perosnal leadership and direct appeals to the public. The president' leaderhsip and peronal style, which are affected by his character and his ability to persuade, determine how he goes about winning support. Since the 1970s, however, the American public has been increasingly skeptical of presidential actions, and few presidents have enjoyed the extended periods of popularity needed to help win support for programmatic change.
Section 7.6:
Since FDR, the public has looked to the president to propose legislation of Congress. Through proposing legislation, advancing budgets, invovlement in the regulartory process, and the executive orders and agreements, presidents make policy.
To keep any one president from becoming too powerful, the Framers created an executive office with limited powers. They mandated that a president be at least thirty-five years old, a natural-born citizen, and a resident of the United States for fourteen years or more, and they opted not to limit the president's term of office. To further guard against tyranny, they made provisions for the removal of the president.
Section 7.2:
The Framers gave the president a variety of specific constitutional powers in Article 2, including the powers to appoint, to convene Congress, adn to make treaties. The Constitution also gives the president the capacity to grant pardons and to veto acts of Congress. In addition, the president derives considerable power from being commander in chief of the military.
Section 7.3:
The development of presidential power had sepended on personal force of those who have held office. George Washington, in particular, took serveral actions to establish the primacy of the president in national affairs and as chef executive of a strong national government. With only a few exceptions, subsequent presidents often let Congress dominate in national affairs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, however, took more power for the office of the president, andf made more decisions in national and foreign affairs.
Section 7.4:
As the responsivilities of the presidnet have grown, so has the executive branch of government. FDR established the Executive Office of the President to help him govern. Perhaps the most important policy advisers are those closest to the president: the vice president, the White House staff, some members of the Executive Office of the President, and the First Lady.
Section 7.5:
To gain suport for his programs or proposed budget, the president uses a variety of skills, incfluding perosnal leadership and direct appeals to the public. The president' leaderhsip and peronal style, which are affected by his character and his ability to persuade, determine how he goes about winning support. Since the 1970s, however, the American public has been increasingly skeptical of presidential actions, and few presidents have enjoyed the extended periods of popularity needed to help win support for programmatic change.
Section 7.6:
Since FDR, the public has looked to the president to propose legislation of Congress. Through proposing legislation, advancing budgets, invovlement in the regulartory process, and the executive orders and agreements, presidents make policy.
Test Yourself!
1. Which of the follwoing is a requirement to become president of the United States?
a. Be at least 35 years old
b. No prior criminal record
c. Havea valid U.S. pasport
d. Be a resident of the United States for at least thirty years
e. Have previous governing experience
2. Whihc of the following isa constitutional duty of the vice president?
a. In the event of an emergency, the VP must stand in for the president.
b. The VP is the director of feoreign policy, often meeting with delegates from other nations and addressing international crises.
c. The VP funtions as the head of the Supreme Court, voting in the event of a tie.
d. The VP is the president's official legislative liaison.
e. All of the above
3. Whihc of the following isNOT a role fulfilled by the modern president?
a. Chief fof State
b. Commander in Chief
c. Chief of party
d. Chief legislator
e. Chief of education
4. When creating treaties, the president must:
a. make binding treaties only with permission from the Supreme Court.
b. seek approval of the Senate.
c. host delegates and ambassodors, but only with Senate approval.
d. rely only on the House of Representatives to negotiate all treaties related to international commerce.
e.operate only within the framework established by United Nations.
5. The President's authority is defined by:
a. Supreme Court interpretation of international law.
b. the powers granted to the presiden tby the Senate and the house of Representatives.
c. the implied and inherent owers extending form Article 2 of the Constitution
d.the powers enumerated in the Bill of Rights.
e. the powers given to the presidet by Congress upon his appointment to office
1. Which of the follwoing is a requirement to become president of the United States?
a. Be at least 35 years old
b. No prior criminal record
c. Havea valid U.S. pasport
d. Be a resident of the United States for at least thirty years
e. Have previous governing experience
2. Whihc of the following isa constitutional duty of the vice president?
a. In the event of an emergency, the VP must stand in for the president.
b. The VP is the director of feoreign policy, often meeting with delegates from other nations and addressing international crises.
c. The VP funtions as the head of the Supreme Court, voting in the event of a tie.
d. The VP is the president's official legislative liaison.
e. All of the above
3. Whihc of the following isNOT a role fulfilled by the modern president?
a. Chief fof State
b. Commander in Chief
c. Chief of party
d. Chief legislator
e. Chief of education
4. When creating treaties, the president must:
a. make binding treaties only with permission from the Supreme Court.
b. seek approval of the Senate.
c. host delegates and ambassodors, but only with Senate approval.
d. rely only on the House of Representatives to negotiate all treaties related to international commerce.
e.operate only within the framework established by United Nations.
5. The President's authority is defined by:
a. Supreme Court interpretation of international law.
b. the powers granted to the presiden tby the Senate and the house of Representatives.
c. the implied and inherent owers extending form Article 2 of the Constitution
d.the powers enumerated in the Bill of Rights.
e. the powers given to the presidet by Congress upon his appointment to office